MSC Exosomes in allergic diseases

Mesenchymal stem cells in allergic diseases: Current status

Abstract
Allergic diseases, which include asthma, allergic skin diseases, allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis, have already garnered worldwide public health attention over recent decades. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gradually emerged as a potential method for treating allergic diseases due to their immunosuppressive characteristics, tissue repair ability, and secretion of various biological factors. This potential of MSC-based therapy has been confirmed in clinical and preclinical studies, which report the therapeutic benefits of MSCs for various allergic diseases and explore the antiallergic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the discoveries and biological mechanisms of MSCs as a therapeutic tool in allergic diseases. We discuss the challenges of conducting MSC studies as well as future directions.

Introduction
Allergic diseases have become a global health problem1, 2 and the most prevalent allergic disorders include allergic asthma, allergic skin diseases, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. In the therapy of allergic diseases, corticosteroids, antihistamines, antileukotrienes and β2 adrenergic receptor agonists temporarily inhibit inflammation mediators and immune cells.3 However, long-term treatment causes various adverse effects. Drug resistance and intolerance also limit the application in some patients. Therefore, a new therapeutic method is urgently needed for allergic disease treatment.

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